Drought Response in Selected Tropical Inbred Maize Lines and Relative Expression of <i>PARP2</i> Gene under Limited Water Conditions

Joshua Kiilu Muli; Nancy Budambula; Cecilia Mweu; Sylvester Elikana Anami

doi:doi:10.11648/j.plant.20180601.12

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Drought Response in Selected Tropical Inbred Maize Lines and Relative Expression of PARP2 Gene under Limited Water Conditions

Joshua Kiilu Muli, Nancy Budambula, Cecilia Mweu, Sylvester Elikana Anami

Published in Plant (Volume 6, Issue 1)

Received: 14 March 2018 Accepted: 27 March 2018 Published: 24 April 2018

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Abstract

Drought is the leading single factor that limits maize production thus inhibiting the crops genetic potential. In response to drought, maize and other plants synthesize Poly ADP-Ribose (PAR) protein. This process is controlled by the Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase (PARP) genes and consumes cellular energy, leading to plant death. This study evaluated four tropical inbred maize (Zea mays L.) lines; CML 216, CML 144, A04 and E04 for their response to growth limiting water stress and their relative expression of PARP2 gene under drought and non-drought conditions. The leaf lengths and growth rates of the fourth leaf were monitored for 21days post emergence while fresh and dry weights of drought stressed and non-stressed seedlings were recorded a month after emergence of the fourth leaf. The relative expression of PARP2 gene was determined using rtPCR after isolating RNA from drought stressed and non-stressed maize seedlings. There was no significant difference in the mature lengths of the fourth leaf in the four genotypes when the maize seedlings were not subjected to drought and when subjected to severe drought stress. However, subjecting maize seedlings to mild drought resulted in a significant difference in the mature leaf lengths based on the different genotypes (P= 0.0066). The growth rate of maize seedlings based on the fourth leaf was observed to be affected by drought, with a higher mean growth rate (1.74 cm day^-1) registered in seedlings which were not subjected to drought and those subjected to moderate drought (1.78 cm day^-1). A slower growth rate (1.37 cm day^-1) was observed in seedlings subjected to severe drought stress. Fresh and dry weights of maize seedlings were also observed to be significantly different based on the level of drought exerted (P = < 0.0001) and the genotype (P = < 0.0001). The expression of PARP2 gene was found to be directly proportional to the level of drought stress exerted. Results from this study suggest how tropical maize genotypes respond to drought.

Published in	Plant (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.plant.20180601.12
Page(s)	8-15
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Drought, Growth Rate, Maize, PARP

References

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[4]	Heisey PW, and Edmeades GO. 1997. World Maize Facts and Trends 1997 / 98 Maize Production in Drought-Stressed Environments : Technical Options and Research Resource AllocationAgricultural Economics. Mexico.
[5]	Cairns JE, Sonder K, Zaidi PH, Verhulst N, Mahuku G, Babu R, Nair SK, Das B, Govaerts B, Vinayan MT, Rashid Z, Noor JJ, Devi P, San Vicente F, and Prasanna BM. 2012. Maize production in a changing climate. impacts, adaptation, and mitigation strategiesAdvances in Agronomy, 1sted.
[6]	Lamb RS, Citarelli M, and Teotia S. 2012. Functions of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase superfamily in plants. Cell Mol Life Sci 69:175–189.
[7]	Hashida SN, Takahashi H, and Uchimiya H. 2009. The role of NAD biosynthesis in plant development and stress responses. Ann Bot 103:819–824.
[8]	Vanderauwera S, De Block M, Van de Steene N, van de Cotte B, Metzlaff M, and Van Breusegem F. 2007. Silencing of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in plants alters abiotic stress signal transduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:15150–15155.
[9]	Ragot M, Gay G, Muller J-P, and Durovray J. 1999. Efficient Selection for Adaptation to the Environment through QTL Mapping and Manipulation in Maize, p. 128–130. In Molecular Approaches for the Genetic Improvement of Cereals for Stable Production in Water-limited Environments. CIMMYT, Mexico D. F.
[10]	Verelst W, Bertolini E, De Bodt S, Vandepoele K, Demeulenaere M, Pè ME, and Inzé D. 2013. Molecular and physiological analysis of growth-limiting drought stress in brachypodium distachyon leaves. Mol Plant 6:311–322.
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[15]	Aslam M, Maqpool M, and Cengiz R. 2015. Effects of drought on Maize, p. 5–18. In Drought Stress in Maize (Zea Mays L.). Springer International Publishing.
[16]	Entringer GC, Guedes FL, Oliveira AA, Nascimento JP, and Souza JC. 2014. Genetic control of leaf curl in maize. Genet Mol Res 13:1672–1678.
[17]	Blum A. 2011. Plant Water Relations, Plant Stress and Plant Producción, p. 11–52. In Plant Breeding for Water-Limited Environments. Springer Science+Business Media, Berlin, Germany.
[18]	Chaves MM, Pereira JS, Maroco J, Rodrigues ML, Ricardo CPP, Osório ML, Carvalho I, Faria T, and Pinheiro C. 2002. How plants cope with water stress in the field. Photosynthesis and growth. Ann Bot 89:907–916.
[19]	De Block M, Verduyn C, De Brouwer D, and Cornelissen M. 2005. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in plants affects energy homeotasis, cell death and stress tolerance. Plant J 41:95–106.
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APA Style

Joshua Kiilu Muli, Nancy Budambula, Cecilia Mweu, Sylvester Elikana Anami. (2018). Drought Response in Selected Tropical Inbred Maize Lines and Relative Expression of PARP2 Gene under Limited Water Conditions. Plant, 6(1), 8-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20180601.12

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ACS Style

Joshua Kiilu Muli; Nancy Budambula; Cecilia Mweu; Sylvester Elikana Anami. Drought Response in Selected Tropical Inbred Maize Lines and Relative Expression of PARP2 Gene under Limited Water Conditions. Plant. 2018, 6(1), 8-15. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20180601.12

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AMA Style

Joshua Kiilu Muli, Nancy Budambula, Cecilia Mweu, Sylvester Elikana Anami. Drought Response in Selected Tropical Inbred Maize Lines and Relative Expression of PARP2 Gene under Limited Water Conditions. Plant. 2018;6(1):8-15. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20180601.12

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@article{10.11648/j.plant.20180601.12,
  author = {Joshua Kiilu Muli and Nancy Budambula and Cecilia Mweu and Sylvester Elikana Anami},
  title = {Drought Response in Selected Tropical Inbred Maize Lines and Relative Expression of PARP2 Gene under Limited Water Conditions},
  journal = {Plant},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {8-15},
  doi = {10.11648/j.plant.20180601.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20180601.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plant.20180601.12},
  abstract = {Drought is the leading single factor that limits maize production thus inhibiting the crops genetic potential. In response to drought, maize and other plants synthesize Poly ADP-Ribose (PAR) protein. This process is controlled by the Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase (PARP) genes and consumes cellular energy, leading to plant death. This study evaluated four tropical inbred maize (Zea mays L.) lines; CML 216, CML 144, A04 and E04 for their response to growth limiting water stress and their relative expression of PARP2 gene under drought and non-drought conditions. The leaf lengths and growth rates of the fourth leaf were monitored for 21days post emergence while fresh and dry weights of drought stressed and non-stressed seedlings were recorded a month after emergence of the fourth leaf. The relative expression of PARP2 gene was determined using rtPCR after isolating RNA from drought stressed and non-stressed maize seedlings. There was no significant difference in the mature lengths of the fourth leaf in the four genotypes when the maize seedlings were not subjected to drought and when subjected to severe drought stress. However, subjecting maize seedlings to mild drought resulted in a significant difference in the mature leaf lengths based on the different genotypes (P= 0.0066). The growth rate of maize seedlings based on the fourth leaf was observed to be affected by drought, with a higher mean growth rate (1.74 cm day-1) registered in seedlings which were not subjected to drought and those subjected to moderate drought (1.78 cm day-1). A slower growth rate (1.37 cm day-1) was observed in seedlings subjected to severe drought stress. Fresh and dry weights of maize seedlings were also observed to be significantly different based on the level of drought exerted (P = PARP2 gene was found to be directly proportional to the level of drought stress exerted. Results from this study suggest how tropical maize genotypes respond to drought.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Drought Response in Selected Tropical Inbred Maize Lines and Relative Expression of PARP2 Gene under Limited Water Conditions
AU  - Joshua Kiilu Muli
AU  - Nancy Budambula
AU  - Cecilia Mweu
AU  - Sylvester Elikana Anami
Y1  - 2018/04/24
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20180601.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.plant.20180601.12
T2  - Plant
JF  - Plant
JO  - Plant
SP  - 8
EP  - 15
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0677
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20180601.12
AB  - Drought is the leading single factor that limits maize production thus inhibiting the crops genetic potential. In response to drought, maize and other plants synthesize Poly ADP-Ribose (PAR) protein. This process is controlled by the Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase (PARP) genes and consumes cellular energy, leading to plant death. This study evaluated four tropical inbred maize (Zea mays L.) lines; CML 216, CML 144, A04 and E04 for their response to growth limiting water stress and their relative expression of PARP2 gene under drought and non-drought conditions. The leaf lengths and growth rates of the fourth leaf were monitored for 21days post emergence while fresh and dry weights of drought stressed and non-stressed seedlings were recorded a month after emergence of the fourth leaf. The relative expression of PARP2 gene was determined using rtPCR after isolating RNA from drought stressed and non-stressed maize seedlings. There was no significant difference in the mature lengths of the fourth leaf in the four genotypes when the maize seedlings were not subjected to drought and when subjected to severe drought stress. However, subjecting maize seedlings to mild drought resulted in a significant difference in the mature leaf lengths based on the different genotypes (P= 0.0066). The growth rate of maize seedlings based on the fourth leaf was observed to be affected by drought, with a higher mean growth rate (1.74 cm day-1) registered in seedlings which were not subjected to drought and those subjected to moderate drought (1.78 cm day-1). A slower growth rate (1.37 cm day-1) was observed in seedlings subjected to severe drought stress. Fresh and dry weights of maize seedlings were also observed to be significantly different based on the level of drought exerted (P = PARP2 gene was found to be directly proportional to the level of drought stress exerted. Results from this study suggest how tropical maize genotypes respond to drought.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Joshua Kiilu Muli

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
Nancy Budambula

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
Cecilia Mweu

Institute for Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
Sylvester Elikana Anami

Institute for Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya

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APA Style

Joshua Kiilu Muli, Nancy Budambula, Cecilia Mweu, Sylvester Elikana Anami. (2018). Drought Response in Selected Tropical Inbred Maize Lines and Relative Expression of PARP2 Gene under Limited Water Conditions. Plant, 6(1), 8-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20180601.12

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ACS Style

Joshua Kiilu Muli; Nancy Budambula; Cecilia Mweu; Sylvester Elikana Anami. Drought Response in Selected Tropical Inbred Maize Lines and Relative Expression of PARP2 Gene under Limited Water Conditions. Plant. 2018, 6(1), 8-15. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20180601.12

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AMA Style

Joshua Kiilu Muli, Nancy Budambula, Cecilia Mweu, Sylvester Elikana Anami. Drought Response in Selected Tropical Inbred Maize Lines and Relative Expression of PARP2 Gene under Limited Water Conditions. Plant. 2018;6(1):8-15. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20180601.12

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@article{10.11648/j.plant.20180601.12,
  author = {Joshua Kiilu Muli and Nancy Budambula and Cecilia Mweu and Sylvester Elikana Anami},
  title = {Drought Response in Selected Tropical Inbred Maize Lines and Relative Expression of PARP2 Gene under Limited Water Conditions},
  journal = {Plant},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {8-15},
  doi = {10.11648/j.plant.20180601.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20180601.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plant.20180601.12},
  abstract = {Drought is the leading single factor that limits maize production thus inhibiting the crops genetic potential. In response to drought, maize and other plants synthesize Poly ADP-Ribose (PAR) protein. This process is controlled by the Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase (PARP) genes and consumes cellular energy, leading to plant death. This study evaluated four tropical inbred maize (Zea mays L.) lines; CML 216, CML 144, A04 and E04 for their response to growth limiting water stress and their relative expression of PARP2 gene under drought and non-drought conditions. The leaf lengths and growth rates of the fourth leaf were monitored for 21days post emergence while fresh and dry weights of drought stressed and non-stressed seedlings were recorded a month after emergence of the fourth leaf. The relative expression of PARP2 gene was determined using rtPCR after isolating RNA from drought stressed and non-stressed maize seedlings. There was no significant difference in the mature lengths of the fourth leaf in the four genotypes when the maize seedlings were not subjected to drought and when subjected to severe drought stress. However, subjecting maize seedlings to mild drought resulted in a significant difference in the mature leaf lengths based on the different genotypes (P= 0.0066). The growth rate of maize seedlings based on the fourth leaf was observed to be affected by drought, with a higher mean growth rate (1.74 cm day-1) registered in seedlings which were not subjected to drought and those subjected to moderate drought (1.78 cm day-1). A slower growth rate (1.37 cm day-1) was observed in seedlings subjected to severe drought stress. Fresh and dry weights of maize seedlings were also observed to be significantly different based on the level of drought exerted (P = PARP2 gene was found to be directly proportional to the level of drought stress exerted. Results from this study suggest how tropical maize genotypes respond to drought.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Drought Response in Selected Tropical Inbred Maize Lines and Relative Expression of PARP2 Gene under Limited Water Conditions
AU  - Joshua Kiilu Muli
AU  - Nancy Budambula
AU  - Cecilia Mweu
AU  - Sylvester Elikana Anami
Y1  - 2018/04/24
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20180601.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.plant.20180601.12
T2  - Plant
JF  - Plant
JO  - Plant
SP  - 8
EP  - 15
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0677
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20180601.12
AB  - Drought is the leading single factor that limits maize production thus inhibiting the crops genetic potential. In response to drought, maize and other plants synthesize Poly ADP-Ribose (PAR) protein. This process is controlled by the Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase (PARP) genes and consumes cellular energy, leading to plant death. This study evaluated four tropical inbred maize (Zea mays L.) lines; CML 216, CML 144, A04 and E04 for their response to growth limiting water stress and their relative expression of PARP2 gene under drought and non-drought conditions. The leaf lengths and growth rates of the fourth leaf were monitored for 21days post emergence while fresh and dry weights of drought stressed and non-stressed seedlings were recorded a month after emergence of the fourth leaf. The relative expression of PARP2 gene was determined using rtPCR after isolating RNA from drought stressed and non-stressed maize seedlings. There was no significant difference in the mature lengths of the fourth leaf in the four genotypes when the maize seedlings were not subjected to drought and when subjected to severe drought stress. However, subjecting maize seedlings to mild drought resulted in a significant difference in the mature leaf lengths based on the different genotypes (P= 0.0066). The growth rate of maize seedlings based on the fourth leaf was observed to be affected by drought, with a higher mean growth rate (1.74 cm day-1) registered in seedlings which were not subjected to drought and those subjected to moderate drought (1.78 cm day-1). A slower growth rate (1.37 cm day-1) was observed in seedlings subjected to severe drought stress. Fresh and dry weights of maize seedlings were also observed to be significantly different based on the level of drought exerted (P = PARP2 gene was found to be directly proportional to the level of drought stress exerted. Results from this study suggest how tropical maize genotypes respond to drought.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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