Modeling Immune-Mediated Activations and Interactions in Breast Cancer Progression
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
1-12
Received:
31 January 2019
Accepted:
18 March 2019
Published:
3 April 2019
Abstract: Mathematical model that allowed qualitative and quantitative description of the interactions between the host immune system, breast cancer cells, and a cancer vaccine was presented with a system of differential equations. Key immune components used in the vaccine were cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), macrophages, Natural Killer (NK) and helper T cells. The parameters of the model were based on experimental and clinical results from published articles. MATLAB software tool was used to generate data from the model and results were analyzed and discussed. Findings supported clinical studies that maximum immune activation was needed to reduce the cancer cells. Thus, for a given breast cancer growth rate, there was an optimal activation that maximized the response of the immune system. It was also observed that given a sufficiently high rate of CTLs, natural killer, or helper T cells infiltration resulted in significant tumor elimination. However, varying CTLs and Macrophages activation rates caused a chaotic behavior of the tumor. Thus, optimizing large M1:M2 ratios verses large/small numbers of tumor-infiltrating macrophages on long term patient survival were necessary in improving breast cancer therapies.
Abstract: Mathematical model that allowed qualitative and quantitative description of the interactions between the host immune system, breast cancer cells, and a cancer vaccine was presented with a system of differential equations. Key immune components used in the vaccine were cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), macrophages, Natural Killer (NK) and helper T cel...
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Short Reviews of the Francisco Bulnes’s Mathematical Research Theory
Helen Thrift,
Michelle Musk
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
13-17
Received:
23 August 2019
Accepted:
5 September 2019
Published:
19 September 2019
Abstract: In this short communication, we revised a mathematical theory on scientific research created by doctor Francisco Bulnes, to be applied in the modern research, which proves, and explains the unity that must exist in applied and theoretical research to obtain true results considering the necessary and sufficient contents in a scientific research. Also because of this theory is deduced a mathematical theory of engineering, that is to say, a mathematical theory of the imagery and creativity necessaries in engineering research. Banach spaces are created and used to develop the doctor Bulnes’s theory, which determines a methodology of scientific research based in mathematics, or at least whose rector axis are the mathematics. Here the difference of knowledge levels are showed in evident way, classifying the research in three levels, where the fundamental level is the creation of a good and consistent theory. After in second plane will come the application of this theory in the inductive or applied sciences level creating a sub-theory. Finally, in the level more applicative or technological, we will have the prototypes, which will derive in the technological products giving solution to society necessities. One principal result of this theory is that the engineering does technology on energy.
Abstract: In this short communication, we revised a mathematical theory on scientific research created by doctor Francisco Bulnes, to be applied in the modern research, which proves, and explains the unity that must exist in applied and theoretical research to obtain true results considering the necessary and sufficient contents in a scientific research. Als...
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