A Modified Non-Linear Ordinary Differential Equations Model for Unemployment Dynamics on Ghana’s Economic Sectors
Bridget Sena Borbor,
Lewis Brew,
Joseph Acquah
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
66-73
Received:
23 August 2022
Accepted:
9 September 2022
Published:
11 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijssam.20220704.11
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Views:
Abstract: In this paper, we developed and analyzed a non-linear ordinary differential equations model for unemployment dynamics on Ghana’s Economic Sectors. In the modelling process, seven dynamic variables were considered namely: i) number of unemployed persons in the agriculture sector, ii) number of unemployed persons in the industry sector, iii) number of unemployed persons in the service sector, iv) number of employed persons in the agriculture sector, v) number of employed persons in the industry sector, vi) number of employed persons in the service sector vii) newly created vacancies by all three sectors, We assumed that all entrants in the labour force as the total number of employed and unemployed persons of the working age group of 18 to 60 years. Entrants of the unemployment compartment are fully qualified to work at any time t, An increase in the number of unemployed is different across all three sectors. Vacancies are created collectively depending on the number of unemployed and employed persons in the agriculture, industry and service sectors. The model is studied using stability analysis by a system of differential equations. It established the behaviour of the system over time, which showed that the solution to the system is positive and bounded. The system of the equations has a non-negative equilibrium point. The Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion established the equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable. It was observed that the stability of the model is feasible under certain conditions.
Abstract: In this paper, we developed and analyzed a non-linear ordinary differential equations model for unemployment dynamics on Ghana’s Economic Sectors. In the modelling process, seven dynamic variables were considered namely: i) number of unemployed persons in the agriculture sector, ii) number of unemployed persons in the industry sector, iii) number o...
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Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of Nitrate Leaching into Groundwater
Ochwach Jimrise,
Okongo Mark,
Ombaka Ochieng
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
74-84
Received:
28 August 2022
Accepted:
28 October 2022
Published:
22 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijssam.20220704.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Nitrate leaching into groundwater is a complicated process that involves a number of different biochemical transformations. These biochemical transformations include immobilisation, mineralization, nitrification, volatilization, crop absorption, and nitrate leaching into groundwater. Groundwater nitrate contamination is a developing challenge that requires precise analytical and numerical solutions. Various approaches to measuring nitrate leaching have been developed from a range of measurement and modelling techniques, but all suffer from one limitation or another due to the complexities, challenges and assumptions made in quantifying nitrate leaching in groundwater. This calls for new approaches in which nitrate leaching can be analysed to gain a better understanding of nitrate fate and transport processes for the proper management of groundwater. The advection-dispersion equations are updated in this research work to simulate nitrogen leaching in soils with variable depth, duration, volumetric water content, and porosity. Graphical representations of numerical simulations of the concentration of nitrate in the soil at varying depths and times can be achieved with the help of MATLAB software. According to the findings of the study, the proportion of soil porosity to soil water volume is directly proportional to the amount of nitrate that leaches into the groundwater. Therefore, it is recommended that measures be taken to reduce the potential for groundwater contamination. These measures include reducing the amount of nitrogen used, avoiding overwatering, and developing a test that helps farmers measure the amount that is already present in the groundwater.
Abstract: Nitrate leaching into groundwater is a complicated process that involves a number of different biochemical transformations. These biochemical transformations include immobilisation, mineralization, nitrification, volatilization, crop absorption, and nitrate leaching into groundwater. Groundwater nitrate contamination is a developing challenge that ...
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